MongoDB 备份方式

mongodump
系统快照(具体内容见官网：Back Up with Filesystem Snapshots)
cp 或者 rsync

0.区别

区别	mongodump/mongorestore	mongoexport/mongoimport
主要用途	数据备份小规模或部分或测试期间的数据/恢复	备份/恢复小型的MongoDB数据库
导出格式	JSON/CSV	BSON
指定导出	不支持导出单个db的所有collection	支持导出单个db的所有collection
注意事项	不要用于生产环境的备份	不适合备份/恢复大型MongoDB数据库

1.mongodump

下载mongdodump

https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/database-tools

mongodump参数

官方文档：https://docs.mongodb.com/v4.2/reference/program/mongodump/#bin.mongodump

https://www.mongodb.com/docs/database-tools/mongodump/#mongodb-binary-bin.mongodump

sql

mongodump --help

mongodump --help

参数	介绍
-h，--host	127.0.0.1，当然也可以指定端口号：127.0.0.1:27017
-d，--db	需要备份的数据库实例
-u，--username	指定用户名
-o，--out	备份的数据存放位置
-c，--collection	指定表名字
-p，--password	指定密码
--port	指定端口
--archive	备份到一个文件
--oplog	使用oplog进行时间点快照
--authenticationDatabase	--authenticationDatabase

[!WARNING]
WARNING
Failed: bad option: --out not allowed when --archive is specified -o, --out 不能和 --archive 同时指定
仅备份数据库中的文档，不备份索引，所以我们还原后，需要重新生成索引。
mongodump 备份过程中会对 mongod 服务的性能产生影响，我们建议在业务低峰期进行操作。如果我们备份的数据，大于系统内存，我们备份的时候容易出现错误

无用户密码dump

备份单个库

[root@slave01 ~]# mongodump  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -d test -o /root/test
2021-12-14T02:18:29.459-0500	writing test.userdetails to /root/test/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T02:18:29.460-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)

注意：
   /root/test下test 目录必须为空，否则失败，没有自动创建test目录

[root@slave01 ~]# mongodump  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -d test -o /root/test
2021-12-14T02:18:29.459-0500	writing test.userdetails to /root/test/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T02:18:29.460-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)

注意：
   /root/test下test 目录必须为空，否则失败，没有自动创建test目录

备份所有库

#不指定-d 参数，备份所有库，--oplog参数（的开启副本才行），这样的备份是基于某一时间点的快照，只能用于备份全部库时才可用，单库和单表不适用

[root@slave01 ~]# mongodump  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -o /root/test

2021-12-14T02:49:52.383-0500	writing admin.system.users to /root/test/admin/system.users.bson
2021-12-14T02:49:52.384-0500	done dumping admin.system.users (3 documents)
2021-12-14T02:49:52.384-0500	writing admin.system.version to /root/test/admin/system.version.bson
2021-12-14T02:49:52.385-0500	done dumping admin.system.version (2 documents)
2021-12-14T02:49:52.385-0500	writing test.userdetails to /root/test/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T02:49:52.386-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)

#不指定-d 参数，备份所有库，--oplog参数（的开启副本才行），这样的备份是基于某一时间点的快照，只能用于备份全部库时才可用，单库和单表不适用

[root@slave01 ~]# mongodump  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -o /root/test

2021-12-14T02:49:52.383-0500	writing admin.system.users to /root/test/admin/system.users.bson
2021-12-14T02:49:52.384-0500	done dumping admin.system.users (3 documents)
2021-12-14T02:49:52.384-0500	writing admin.system.version to /root/test/admin/system.version.bson
2021-12-14T02:49:52.385-0500	done dumping admin.system.version (2 documents)
2021-12-14T02:49:52.385-0500	writing test.userdetails to /root/test/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T02:49:52.386-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)

备份单个表

[root@slave01 test]# mongodump  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -d test -c userdetails -o /root/test/test_userdetails
2021-12-14T02:32:36.415-0500	writing test.userdetails to /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T02:32:36.417-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)

[root@slave01 test]# mongodump  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -d test -c userdetails -o /root/test/test_userdetails
2021-12-14T02:32:36.415-0500	writing test.userdetails to /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T02:32:36.417-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)

带密码备份

mongodump -u admin -p password -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -d db_name -o /path/db_name

mongodump -u admin -p password -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -d db_name -o /path/db_name

压缩备份

[root@slave01 ~]#  mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017 -d test --archive=/path/test.gz --gzip
2021-12-14T21:19:12.340-0500	writing test.user to archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:19:12.345-0500	writing test.userdetails to archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:19:12.347-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)
2021-12-14T21:19:12.347-0500	done dumping test.user (1 document)

[root@slave01 ~]#  mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017 -d test --archive=/path/test.gz --gzip
2021-12-14T21:19:12.340-0500	writing test.user to archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:19:12.345-0500	writing test.userdetails to archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:19:12.347-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)
2021-12-14T21:19:12.347-0500	done dumping test.user (1 document)

用户鉴定库备份

#参数 --authenticationDatabase admin ，admin 不可修改

[root@slave01 ~]# mongodump -u admin -p 123456 -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test --archive=/root/test.gz --gzip

2021-12-15T00:49:40.824-0500	writing test.user to archive '/root/test.gz'
2021-12-15T00:49:40.827-0500	writing test.userdetails to archive '/root/test.gz'
2021-12-15T00:49:40.831-0500	done dumping test.user (1 document)
2021-12-15T00:49:40.836-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)

#参数 --authenticationDatabase admin ，admin 不可修改

[root@slave01 ~]# mongodump -u admin -p 123456 -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test --archive=/root/test.gz --gzip

2021-12-15T00:49:40.824-0500	writing test.user to archive '/root/test.gz'
2021-12-15T00:49:40.827-0500	writing test.userdetails to archive '/root/test.gz'
2021-12-15T00:49:40.831-0500	done dumping test.user (1 document)
2021-12-15T00:49:40.836-0500	done dumping test.userdetails (1 document)

带有加密算法备份

sql

#备份所有库
/data/apps/mongo_tools/bin/mongodump -u leihuo -p fa2e5474db854dd -h 172.16.195.193 --port 47017 --authenticationDatabase admin --authenticationMechanism=SCRAM-SHA-1 -o /root/yidu_mongo

#备份所有库
/data/apps/mongo_tools/bin/mongodump -u leihuo -p fa2e5474db854dd -h 172.16.195.193 --port 47017 --authenticationDatabase admin --authenticationMechanism=SCRAM-SHA-1 -o /root/yidu_mongo

生产环境备份

https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/core/backups/#back-up-with-mongodump

2.mongorestore

参数

参数	介绍
--drop	删除现有数据
-d，--dir	指定要恢复的数据存放的文件夹
--archive	指定恢复的文件名称
--excludeCollection	不恢复指定集合
--excludeCollectionsWithPrefix	不恢复匹配前缀的集合

[!WARNING] WARNING
Failed: stream or file does not appear to be a mongodump archive 可能是压缩过的文件，需指定 --gzip 参数

恢复压缩包库

#删除原有的库
[root@slave01 ~]# mongorestore -d test --drop  --archive=test.gz --gzip

2021-12-14T21:24:55.685-0500	The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2021-12-14T21:24:55.695-0500	preparing collections to restore from
2021-12-14T21:24:55.715-0500	reading metadata for test.user from archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:24:55.715-0500	reading metadata for test.userdetails from archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:24:55.720-0500	dropping collection test.userdetails before restoring
2021-12-14T21:24:55.732-0500	restoring test.userdetails from archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:24:55.743-0500	finished restoring test.userdetails (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-14T21:24:55.743-0500	dropping collection test.user before restoring
2021-12-14T21:24:55.759-0500	restoring test.user from archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:24:55.771-0500	finished restoring test.user (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-14T21:24:55.771-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.user
2021-12-14T21:24:55.771-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.userdetails
2021-12-14T21:24:55.771-0500	2 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.

#删除原有的库
[root@slave01 ~]# mongorestore -d test --drop  --archive=test.gz --gzip

2021-12-14T21:24:55.685-0500	The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2021-12-14T21:24:55.695-0500	preparing collections to restore from
2021-12-14T21:24:55.715-0500	reading metadata for test.user from archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:24:55.715-0500	reading metadata for test.userdetails from archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:24:55.720-0500	dropping collection test.userdetails before restoring
2021-12-14T21:24:55.732-0500	restoring test.userdetails from archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:24:55.743-0500	finished restoring test.userdetails (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-14T21:24:55.743-0500	dropping collection test.user before restoring
2021-12-14T21:24:55.759-0500	restoring test.user from archive 'test.gz'
2021-12-14T21:24:55.771-0500	finished restoring test.user (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-14T21:24:55.771-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.user
2021-12-14T21:24:55.771-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.userdetails
2021-12-14T21:24:55.771-0500	2 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.

恢复单个库

shell

[root@slave01 test]# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017  -d test /root/test/test

2021-12-14T04:22:35.064-0500	The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2021-12-14T04:22:35.064-0500	building a list of collections to restore from /root/test/test dir
2021-12-14T04:22:35.064-0500	reading metadata for test.userdetails from /root/test/test/userdetails.metadata.json
2021-12-14T04:22:35.065-0500	restoring to existing collection test.userdetails without dropping
2021-12-14T04:22:35.065-0500	restoring test.userdetails from /root/test/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T04:22:35.067-0500	continuing through error: E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.userdetails index: _id_ dup key: { _id: ObjectId('61b711f67978d27bed034272') }
2021-12-14T04:22:35.076-0500	finished restoring test.userdetails (0 documents, 1 failure)
2021-12-14T04:22:35.076-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.userdetails
2021-12-14T04:22:35.076-0500	0 document(s) restored successfully. 1 document(s) failed to restore.

[root@slave01 test]# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017  -d test /root/test/test

2021-12-14T04:22:35.064-0500	The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2021-12-14T04:22:35.064-0500	building a list of collections to restore from /root/test/test dir
2021-12-14T04:22:35.064-0500	reading metadata for test.userdetails from /root/test/test/userdetails.metadata.json
2021-12-14T04:22:35.065-0500	restoring to existing collection test.userdetails without dropping
2021-12-14T04:22:35.065-0500	restoring test.userdetails from /root/test/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T04:22:35.067-0500	continuing through error: E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.userdetails index: _id_ dup key: { _id: ObjectId('61b711f67978d27bed034272') }
2021-12-14T04:22:35.076-0500	finished restoring test.userdetails (0 documents, 1 failure)
2021-12-14T04:22:35.076-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.userdetails
2021-12-14T04:22:35.076-0500	0 document(s) restored successfully. 1 document(s) failed to restore.

恢复单个表

shell

#语法
	mongorestore  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -d db_name -c table_name /path/table_name.bson

[root@slave01 test]# mongorestore  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -d test -c userdetails /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.bson


2021-12-14T04:27:10.339-0500	checking for collection data in /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T04:27:10.339-0500	reading metadata for test.userdetails from /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.metadata.json
2021-12-14T04:27:10.340-0500	restoring to existing collection test.userdetails without dropping
2021-12-14T04:27:10.340-0500	restoring test.userdetails from /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T04:27:10.343-0500	continuing through error: E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.userdetails index: _id_ dup key: { _id: ObjectId('61b711f67978d27bed034272') }
2021-12-14T04:27:10.383-0500	finished restoring test.userdetails (0 documents, 1 failure)
2021-12-14T04:27:10.384-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.userdetails
2021-12-14T04:27:10.384-0500	0 document(s) restored successfully. 1 document(s) failed to restore.

#语法
	mongorestore  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -d db_name -c table_name /path/table_name.bson

[root@slave01 test]# mongorestore  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -d test -c userdetails /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.bson


2021-12-14T04:27:10.339-0500	checking for collection data in /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T04:27:10.339-0500	reading metadata for test.userdetails from /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.metadata.json
2021-12-14T04:27:10.340-0500	restoring to existing collection test.userdetails without dropping
2021-12-14T04:27:10.340-0500	restoring test.userdetails from /root/test/test_userdetails/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T04:27:10.343-0500	continuing through error: E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.userdetails index: _id_ dup key: { _id: ObjectId('61b711f67978d27bed034272') }
2021-12-14T04:27:10.383-0500	finished restoring test.userdetails (0 documents, 1 failure)
2021-12-14T04:27:10.384-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.userdetails
2021-12-14T04:27:10.384-0500	0 document(s) restored successfully. 1 document(s) failed to restore.

只恢复部分表

shell

#语法
	--nsInclude="支持正则"
	mongorestore  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -d db_name --nsInclude="test.use*" /path/

[root@slave01 test]# mongorestore  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -d test --nsInclude="test.user" /root/test/test/

2021-12-14T04:38:28.334-0500	The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2021-12-14T04:38:28.334-0500	building a list of collections to restore from /root/test/test dir
2021-12-14T04:38:28.334-0500	reading metadata for test.user from /root/test/test/user.metadata.json
2021-12-14T04:38:28.334-0500	reading metadata for test.userdetails from /root/test/test/userdetails.metadata.json
2021-12-14T04:38:28.335-0500	restoring to existing collection test.userdetails without dropping
2021-12-14T04:38:28.335-0500	restoring test.userdetails from /root/test/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T04:38:28.339-0500	continuing through error: E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.userdetails index: _id_ dup key: { _id: ObjectId('61b711f67978d27bed034272') }
2021-12-14T04:38:28.347-0500	finished restoring test.userdetails (0 documents, 1 failure)
2021-12-14T04:38:28.348-0500	restoring test.user from /root/test/test/user.bson
2021-12-14T04:38:28.360-0500	finished restoring test.user (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-14T04:38:28.360-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.user
2021-12-14T04:38:28.360-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.userdetails
2021-12-14T04:38:28.360-0500	1 document(s) restored successfully. 1 document(s) failed to restore.

#语法
	--nsInclude="支持正则"
	mongorestore  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -d db_name --nsInclude="test.use*" /path/

[root@slave01 test]# mongorestore  -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017  -d test --nsInclude="test.user" /root/test/test/

2021-12-14T04:38:28.334-0500	The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2021-12-14T04:38:28.334-0500	building a list of collections to restore from /root/test/test dir
2021-12-14T04:38:28.334-0500	reading metadata for test.user from /root/test/test/user.metadata.json
2021-12-14T04:38:28.334-0500	reading metadata for test.userdetails from /root/test/test/userdetails.metadata.json
2021-12-14T04:38:28.335-0500	restoring to existing collection test.userdetails without dropping
2021-12-14T04:38:28.335-0500	restoring test.userdetails from /root/test/test/userdetails.bson
2021-12-14T04:38:28.339-0500	continuing through error: E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.userdetails index: _id_ dup key: { _id: ObjectId('61b711f67978d27bed034272') }
2021-12-14T04:38:28.347-0500	finished restoring test.userdetails (0 documents, 1 failure)
2021-12-14T04:38:28.348-0500	restoring test.user from /root/test/test/user.bson
2021-12-14T04:38:28.360-0500	finished restoring test.user (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-14T04:38:28.360-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.user
2021-12-14T04:38:28.360-0500	no indexes to restore for collection test.userdetails
2021-12-14T04:38:28.360-0500	1 document(s) restored successfully. 1 document(s) failed to restore.

恢复到新库

[root@slave01 ~]# mongodump -u admin -p 123456 -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test  --archive="mongodump-test-db" 

[root@slave01 ~]# mongorestore -u admin -p 123456 -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test  --archive="mongodump-test-db" --nsFrom='test.*' --nsTo='examples.*'


2021-12-15T00:58:48.555-0500	The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2021-12-15T00:58:48.575-0500	preparing collections to restore from
2021-12-15T00:58:48.586-0500	reading metadata for examples.user from archive 'mongodump-test-db'
2021-12-15T00:58:48.587-0500	reading metadata for examples.userdetails from archive 'mongodump-test-db'
2021-12-15T00:58:48.603-0500	restoring examples.userdetails from archive 'mongodump-test-db'
2021-12-15T00:58:48.614-0500	finished restoring examples.userdetails (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-15T00:58:48.627-0500	restoring examples.user from archive 'mongodump-test-db'
2021-12-15T00:58:48.638-0500	finished restoring examples.user (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-15T00:58:48.638-0500	no indexes to restore for collection examples.user
2021-12-15T00:58:48.638-0500	no indexes to restore for collection examples.userdetails
2021-12-15T00:58:48.638-0500	2 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.

#查看数据库
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth("admin","123456")
1
> show dbs;
admin     0.000GB
config    0.000GB
examples  0.000GB    ----->新的数据库
local     0.000GB
test      0.000GB

[root@slave01 ~]# mongodump -u admin -p 123456 -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test  --archive="mongodump-test-db" 

[root@slave01 ~]# mongorestore -u admin -p 123456 -h 127.0.0.1 --port=27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test  --archive="mongodump-test-db" --nsFrom='test.*' --nsTo='examples.*'


2021-12-15T00:58:48.555-0500	The --db and --collection flags are deprecated for this use-case; please use --nsInclude instead, i.e. with --nsInclude=${DATABASE}.${COLLECTION}
2021-12-15T00:58:48.575-0500	preparing collections to restore from
2021-12-15T00:58:48.586-0500	reading metadata for examples.user from archive 'mongodump-test-db'
2021-12-15T00:58:48.587-0500	reading metadata for examples.userdetails from archive 'mongodump-test-db'
2021-12-15T00:58:48.603-0500	restoring examples.userdetails from archive 'mongodump-test-db'
2021-12-15T00:58:48.614-0500	finished restoring examples.userdetails (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-15T00:58:48.627-0500	restoring examples.user from archive 'mongodump-test-db'
2021-12-15T00:58:48.638-0500	finished restoring examples.user (1 document, 0 failures)
2021-12-15T00:58:48.638-0500	no indexes to restore for collection examples.user
2021-12-15T00:58:48.638-0500	no indexes to restore for collection examples.userdetails
2021-12-15T00:58:48.638-0500	2 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.

#查看数据库
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth("admin","123456")
1
> show dbs;
admin     0.000GB
config    0.000GB
examples  0.000GB    ----->新的数据库
local     0.000GB
test      0.000GB

3.cp 或者 rsync

可以直接复制数据文件，但是我们必须在复制文件前停止对 MongoDB 的操作，否则我们复制的文件是无效的

4.查看备份数据

部分的数据都是二进制的，我们直接查看是查看不到的，那么我们可以通过工具 bsondump

[root@slave01 test]# bsondump user.bson 
{"_id":{"$oid":"61b864e1e463d036cacdca76"},"id":{"$numberDouble":"1.0"},"name":"jack","age":{"$numberDouble":"73.0"}}
2021-12-14T21:50:37.923-0500	1 objects found

[root@slave01 test]# bsondump user.bson 
{"_id":{"$oid":"61b864e1e463d036cacdca76"},"id":{"$numberDouble":"1.0"},"name":"jack","age":{"$numberDouble":"73.0"}}
2021-12-14T21:50:37.923-0500	1 objects found

mongodb 使用mongodump备份指定用户名密码出现错误

[root@MongoDB ~]# mongodump --host 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d db1 -o /root/

[root@MongoDB ~]# mongodump --host 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d db1 -o /root/

 Failed: error connecting to db server: server returned error on SASL authentication step: Authentication failed
 
 
解决方式：
mongodump --host 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d db1 -o /tmp/mongobak --authenticationDatabase admin

 Failed: error connecting to db server: server returned error on SASL authentication step: Authentication failed
 
 
解决方式：
mongodump --host 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d db1 -o /tmp/mongobak --authenticationDatabase admin



mongorestore -h 8.210.164.8:27017 -u whp -p whp123 -d db_name /path/db_name



mongorestore -h 8.210.164.8:27017 -u whp -p whp123 -d db_name /path/db_name

5.mongoexport

mongoexport --help

    -h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
    -u:指明数据库的用户名
    -p:指明数据库的密码
    -d:指明数据库的名字
    -c:指明collection的名字
    -f:指明要导出那些列
    -o:指明到要导出的文件名
    -q:指明导出数据的过滤条件
    --authenticationDatabase admin


没有用户名密码的导出：
> mongoexport --db=sales --collection=contacts --out=contacts.json

带有用户名密码的导出：
> mongoexport --port 27017 -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase testdb --collection=info --db=testdb --out=/opt/backup-data/info.json

带有过滤条件的导出
> mongoexport --db=sales --collection=contacts -q '{"field":"fieldValue"}' --out=contacts.json

说明：-q 的参数key也一定要有双引号引起来，要不然会出现以下错误
Failed: error parsing query as Extended JSON: invalid JSON input

mongoexport --help

    -h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
    -u:指明数据库的用户名
    -p:指明数据库的密码
    -d:指明数据库的名字
    -c:指明collection的名字
    -f:指明要导出那些列
    -o:指明到要导出的文件名
    -q:指明导出数据的过滤条件
    --authenticationDatabase admin


没有用户名密码的导出：
> mongoexport --db=sales --collection=contacts --out=contacts.json

带有用户名密码的导出：
> mongoexport --port 27017 -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase testdb --collection=info --db=testdb --out=/opt/backup-data/info.json

带有过滤条件的导出
> mongoexport --db=sales --collection=contacts -q '{"field":"fieldValue"}' --out=contacts.json

说明：-q 的参数key也一定要有双引号引起来，要不然会出现以下错误
Failed: error parsing query as Extended JSON: invalid JSON input

6.mongoimport

mongoimport --help

    -h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
    -u:指明数据库的用户名
    -p:指明数据库的密码
    -d:指明数据库的名字
    -c:指明collection的名字
    -f:指明要导入那些列
    -j:--numInsertionWorkers=<number>  number of insert operations to run concurrently


没有用户名密码的导入：
> mongoimport --db=users --collection=contacts --file=contacts.json


带有用户名密码的导入：
> mongoimport --port 27017 -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase testdb -d testdb -c info  --file=/opt/backup-data/info.json

说明：-f /opt/backup-data/info.json 这样传文件参数是不行的，指定文件一定需要使用--file参数

mongoimport --help

    -h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
    -u:指明数据库的用户名
    -p:指明数据库的密码
    -d:指明数据库的名字
    -c:指明collection的名字
    -f:指明要导入那些列
    -j:--numInsertionWorkers=<number>  number of insert operations to run concurrently


没有用户名密码的导入：
> mongoimport --db=users --collection=contacts --file=contacts.json


带有用户名密码的导入：
> mongoimport --port 27017 -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase testdb -d testdb -c info  --file=/opt/backup-data/info.json

说明：-f /opt/backup-data/info.json 这样传文件参数是不行的，指定文件一定需要使用--file参数

7.时间点恢复

备份--oplog

[root@master bin]# ./mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 --port 28017 --oplog --gzip -o /root/mongo_back/test
2021-12-26T22:34:36.522-0500	writing admin.system.version to 
2021-12-26T22:34:36.522-0500	done dumping admin.system.version (1 document)
2021-12-26T22:34:36.523-0500	writing test.new10 to 
2021-12-26T22:34:36.524-0500	done dumping test.new10 (1 document)
2021-12-26T22:34:36.524-0500	writing captured oplog to 
2021-12-26T22:34:36.525-0500		dumped 1 oplog entry

#验证方式
./mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 --port 28017  --oplog --authenticationDatabase admin -u 用户名 -p密码  --gzip -o /data/mongodb_back/mongotestdump

[root@master bin]# ./mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 --port 28017 --oplog --gzip -o /root/mongo_back/test
2021-12-26T22:34:36.522-0500	writing admin.system.version to 
2021-12-26T22:34:36.522-0500	done dumping admin.system.version (1 document)
2021-12-26T22:34:36.523-0500	writing test.new10 to 
2021-12-26T22:34:36.524-0500	done dumping test.new10 (1 document)
2021-12-26T22:34:36.524-0500	writing captured oplog to 
2021-12-26T22:34:36.525-0500		dumped 1 oplog entry

#验证方式
./mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 --port 28017  --oplog --authenticationDatabase admin -u 用户名 -p密码  --gzip -o /data/mongodb_back/mongotestdump

还原--oplogReplay

[root@master bin]# ./mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port 28017 --oplogReplay --gzip /root/mongo_back/test

2021-12-26T22:41:59.062-0500	preparing collections to restore from
2021-12-26T22:41:59.064-0500	reading metadata for test.new10 from /root/mongo_back/test/test/new10.metadata.json.gz
2021-12-26T22:41:59.088-0500	restoring test.new10 from /root/mongo_back/test/test/new10.bson.gz
2021-12-26T22:41:59.094-0500	no indexes to restore
2021-12-26T22:41:59.094-0500	finished restoring test.new10 (1 document)
2021-12-26T22:41:59.094-0500	replaying oplog
2021-12-26T22:41:59.094-0500	done


#验证方式
./mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port 端口  --oplogReplay --authenticationDatabase admin -u 用户名 -p 密码  --gzip /root/mongo_back/test

[root@master bin]# ./mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port 28017 --oplogReplay --gzip /root/mongo_back/test

2021-12-26T22:41:59.062-0500	preparing collections to restore from
2021-12-26T22:41:59.064-0500	reading metadata for test.new10 from /root/mongo_back/test/test/new10.metadata.json.gz
2021-12-26T22:41:59.088-0500	restoring test.new10 from /root/mongo_back/test/test/new10.bson.gz
2021-12-26T22:41:59.094-0500	no indexes to restore
2021-12-26T22:41:59.094-0500	finished restoring test.new10 (1 document)
2021-12-26T22:41:59.094-0500	replaying oplog
2021-12-26T22:41:59.094-0500	done


#验证方式
./mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port 端口  --oplogReplay --authenticationDatabase admin -u 用户名 -p 密码  --gzip /root/mongo_back/test

指定时间点还原

#查看此时间点对应的时间和操作序列，在源库local中的oplog.rs 集合查询
>use local
>db.oplog.rs.find({"o._id": ObjectId("61c9275b5745d52b72d861c5")}).sort({ts:-1}).limit(1);


./mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port 28017  --oplogReplay --oplogLimit "1527736438:858" --authenticationDatabase admin -u 用户名 -p 密码  /root/mongo_back/test

#查看此时间点对应的时间和操作序列，在源库local中的oplog.rs 集合查询
>use local
>db.oplog.rs.find({"o._id": ObjectId("61c9275b5745d52b72d861c5")}).sort({ts:-1}).limit(1);


./mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port 28017  --oplogReplay --oplogLimit "1527736438:858" --authenticationDatabase admin -u 用户名 -p 密码  /root/mongo_back/test

8.集群备份

mongoexport备份

备份所有

#退出mongos连接，到命令行界面执行备份
mongoexport -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d olda -c student -o /tmp/mongodb_backup.json

#退出mongos连接，到命令行界面执行备份
mongoexport -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d olda -c student -o /tmp/mongodb_backup.json

指定列备份

#退出mongos连接，到命令行界面执行备份（要指定数据列的键）
#注意：想要备份哪一列，那就指定哪一列
mongoexport -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d oldb -c student --type=csv -f id,name,age,date -o /tmp/mongodb_backup.csv

#退出mongos连接，到命令行界面执行备份（要指定数据列的键）
#注意：想要备份哪一列，那就指定哪一列
mongoexport -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d oldb -c student --type=csv -f id,name,age,date -o /tmp/mongodb_backup.csv

mongoimport恢复

恢复所有

mongodb恢复不会覆盖原有的数据，当前测试环境会产生数据冲突。
所以恢复数据到其他的表中（也可以直接恢复到其他 "库" ）

mongoimport -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d olda -c student_source /tmp/mongodb_backup.json

mongodb恢复不会覆盖原有的数据，当前测试环境会产生数据冲突。
所以恢复数据到其他的表中（也可以直接恢复到其他 "库" ）

mongoimport -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d olda -c student_source /tmp/mongodb_backup.json

恢复指定列

要指定第一列的id,name,age,date不为数据，mongodb没有数据格式束缚
本次恢复数据到wsp与wll库

#csv格式的文件第一行，没有数据对应列的名字（导入wsp库）
mongoimport -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d wsp  -c student --type=csv -f id,name,age,date --file /tmp/mongodb_backup.csv

要指定第一列的id,name,age,date不为数据，mongodb没有数据格式束缚
本次恢复数据到wsp与wll库

#csv格式的文件第一行，没有数据对应列的名字（导入wsp库）
mongoimport -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d wsp  -c student --type=csv -f id,name,age,date --file /tmp/mongodb_backup.csv

#csv格式的文件第一行，有数据对应列的名字（导入wll库）
#--headerline:指明第一行是列名，不需要导入。
mongoimport -h 10.0.0.40  --port 28017 -d wll -c student --type=csv --headerline --file /tmp/mongodb_backup.csv

#csv格式的文件第一行，有数据对应列的名字（导入wll库）
#--headerline:指明第一行是列名，不需要导入。
mongoimport -h 10.0.0.40  --port 28017 -d wll -c student --type=csv --headerline --file /tmp/mongodb_backup.csv

dump

mongos节点

备份所有

mkdir /tmp/backup
mongodump -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -o /tmp/backup/

mkdir /tmp/backup
mongodump -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -o /tmp/backup/

备份指定库

shell

mongodump -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d world -o /tmp/backup/

mongodump -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d world -o /tmp/backup/

备份指定表

mongodump -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d world -c city -o /tmp/backup/

mongodump -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d world -c city -o /tmp/backup/

恢复

#加了--drop参数会自动覆盖原有数据，不需要删除原有数据
mongorestore -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d world -c city --drop /tmp/backup/world/city.bson

#加了--drop参数会自动覆盖原有数据，不需要删除原有数据
mongorestore -h 10.0.0.40 --port 28017 -d world -c city --drop /tmp/backup/world/city.bson

3-Docker

1.安装

4-Containerd

5-Swarm

6-KVM

2-资源对象

2-Pod

3-Deployment

4-Service

3-存储

1- 存储卷概念

2-NFS

备份

4-网络

OpenELB

6-安装

2.kubeadm安装

8-备份

9-常用操作

10-Yaml配置

12-CICD

13-Ingress

1-Ingress_nginx

2-Higress

14-云k8s

15-Kubernetes故障排查

1-Go

2-Go框架

3-Go编译

5-Go文档

6-Go日志

7-Web前端开发

4-vue

5-vue架构

FAQ

1-PG

0-体系结构

1-插件安装

2-安装

3-基础

4-用户管理

5-集群

6-备份和恢复

7-监控

8-优化

9-FAQ

4-Mongodb

1-安装

3-DDL

4-备份管理

5-集群管理

5-MQ

4-备份

5-集群

6-监控

6-Etcd

0-原理

1-DDL

2-用户管理

3-备份

4-集群

1-nginx

2-ssl证书

3-proxy

1-Service

2-DNS

3-VPN

4-Git

5-Gitlab

7-Ansible

9-GateWay

10-Storage

1-Minio

2-ZFS

11-Monitor

12-Logs

1-vector

13-环境变量

CMD

1-aliCloud

MongoDB 备份方式

0.区别

1.mongodump

mongodump参数

无用户密码dump

备份单个库

备份所有库

备份单个表

压缩备份

用户鉴定库备份

带有加密算法备份

生产环境备份

2.mongorestore

参数

恢复压缩包库

恢复单个库

恢复单个表

只恢复部分表

恢复到新库

3.cp 或者 rsync

4.查看备份数据

5.mongoexport

6.mongoimport

7.时间点恢复

备份--oplog

还原--oplogReplay

指定时间点还原

8.集群备份

mongoexport备份

备份所有

指定列备份

mongoimport恢复

恢复所有

恢复指定列

dump

备份所有

备份指定库

备份指定表

恢复